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. 0:00 One of the bigger changes that came to 3.6, is the new secrets module. 0:04 This module provides handy tools for generating random numbers, tokens, and.
0:08 other security related data. 0:09 Let me show you quickly how to use some of these new features, and.
0:12 I'm gonna start by importing secrets. 0:14 The first useful thing in the secrets module, is the ability to generate. 0:17 cryptographically strong, random numbers and tokens. 0:20 You would use these numbers and tokens for generating encrypted messages,. 0:23 passwords, and even further tokens. 0:26 Now, why not use the random module?. 0:28 Well, random is meant for modeling in every day usage like in games, not for.
0:32 security implementations. 0:34 To get a random number though, from the secrets module,. 0:37 you'll generally use one of two functions, randbelow and randbits. 0:42 randbelow, as you can probably guess,. 0:44 gives you a random number below some other number. 0:48 It's similar to random Rand range function but again it's meant for.
0:52 use in cryptographic scenarios. 0:54 Probably more often though you're going to want a random number. 0:57 of a given number of bits, so of a given size. 1:00 If you're generating keys for instance,.
1:02 it's really recommended to have a seed of at least 32 bytes which would be 256 bits. 1:07 So randbits, and then we pass in the number of bits which we want 256 of them,.
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1:12 and we get a number like that. 1:15 Now that 256 is for current security recommendations. 1:20 That number is only going to go up a CPUs use and GPUs become more powerful, and. 1:24 brute forcing operations get easier to use. 1:28 There are three different functions for generating tokens and.
1:30 each of them taken number of tokens to use in the generation of that token. 1:34 Well, let's get a 256 bit token, so 32 bytes. 1:39 We can get bytes, hexadecimal or a token that would be URL friendly. 1:43 Let's try the hex in URL versions. 1:44 So secrets.tokenhex, and we pass in the number of bytes and. 1:50 secrets.url or token URL safe and also the number of bytes 32.
1:56 So those are both handy little tokens that we could use. 2:00 Not a lot of difference between these two like they're both the same kind of range. 2:03 of characters. 2:04 But still a good idea to use the URL safe method when you know your token is going.
2:08 to travel across the wire in a URL. 2:09 Now we can use these tokens or tokens like them to encode a message, and.
2:13 then use the secrets module to make sure the message hasn't been tampered with. 2:17 So I'm gonna import hmac, so. 2:19 that I can generate a cryptographically secure message. 2:23 And then I'm going to a new token, and this time I'm going to use the token bytes. 2:28 because hmac expects a bytes string for the key. 2:33 And again I want to be 32 bytes.
2:35 If I look at token, it's a bunch of bytes, and let's make msg1 = hmac.new,. 2:42 and we're going to use that token to encrypt it. 2:45 And we have to give a message here, so I'm just gonna say 'Hi there'. 2:50 And the message needs to be bytes as well. 2:52 So now, let's be sneaky, and we'll do msg1.copy and make a copy of that message.
2:58 And then we'll do msg2.update. 3:04 'Sneaky sneaky', and we'll add a new message to it. 3:08 So now I can use secrets.comparedigest. 3:12 And I can compare msg1.digest to msg1.digest,. 3:18 and I get that that's true. 3:21 Because it is, it's the exact same message that message has not changed. 3:25 But if I compare msg1's digest to msg2's digest, I get false, since I tampered with.
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3:31 the message by adding more data to it, the comparison fails for the second one. 3:34 I'm sure the secrets module is going to get even more handy functions in.
3:37 the future so be sure to keep your eyes on it. 3:40 There's lots more to explore in this update to Python. 3:43 I've linked to the release notes in the teacher's notes.
3:45 And you should go check out the related peps and documentation for. 3:47 these new features. 3:48 I'll see you next time.